How severe is CVE-2015-7225?

CVE-2015-7225 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.3, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires low privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity none, and availability none.

Is CVE-2015-7225 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 2% (76th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2015-7225?

CVE-2015-7225 affects Tinfoilsecurity Devise-two-factor. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2015-7225?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.

When was CVE-2015-7225 published?

CVE-2015-7225 was published on 2017-09-06 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2015-7225

CVE-2015-7225 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Tinfoilsecurity Devise-two-factor with a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.3. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-254.

Key facts

Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 5.3)
CVSS v2: 3.5
EPSS exploit prediction: 2% (76th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-254
Affected product: Tinfoilsecurity Devise-two-factor
Published: 2017-09-06
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2015-7225?: Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.
How severe is CVE-2015-7225?: CVE-2015-7225 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.3, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires low privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity none, and availability none.
Is CVE-2015-7225 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 2% (76th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2015-7225?: CVE-2015-7225 affects Tinfoilsecurity Devise-two-factor. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2015-7225?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
When was CVE-2015-7225 published?: CVE-2015-7225 was published on 2017-09-06 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:tinfoilsecurity:devise-two-factor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Tinfoilsecurity Devise-two-factor

CVE-2024-8796 — Medium (CVSS 5.3): Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions >= 2.2.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are…
CVE-2021-43177 — Medium (CVSS 5.3): As a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-7225, in versions of devise-two-factor prior to 4.0.2 it is possible to…

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