How severe is CVE-2016-3081?

CVE-2016-3081 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.1, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2016-3081 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 94% (100th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2016-3081?

CVE-2016-3081 primarily affects Apache Struts. In total, 57 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.

How do I fix CVE-2016-3081?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

When was CVE-2016-3081 published?

CVE-2016-3081 was published on 2016-04-26 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2016-3081

CVE-2016-3081 is a high-severity vulnerability in Apache Struts with a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.1. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score of 94% places it in the 100th percentile, indicating an elevated likelihood of exploitation. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-77.

Key facts

Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 8.1)
CVSS v2: 9.3
EPSS exploit prediction: 94% (100th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-77
Affected product: Apache Struts
Published: 2016-04-26
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2016-3081?: Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
How severe is CVE-2016-3081?: CVE-2016-3081 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.1, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2016-3081 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 94% (100th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2016-3081?: CVE-2016-3081 primarily affects Apache Struts. In total, 57 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
How do I fix CVE-2016-3081?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
When was CVE-2016-3081 published?: CVE-2016-3081 was published on 2016-04-26 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (57)

cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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