How severe is CVE-2021-31635?

CVE-2021-31635 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2021-31635 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (65th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2021-31635?

CVE-2021-31635 affects Jfinal. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2021-31635?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

When was CVE-2021-31635 published?

CVE-2021-31635 was published on 2023-06-26 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2021-31635

CVE-2021-31635 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Jfinal with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-94.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (65th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-94
Affected product: Jfinal
Published: 2023-06-26
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in jFinal v.4.9.08 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the template function.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2021-31635?: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in jFinal v.4.9.08 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the template function.
How severe is CVE-2021-31635?: CVE-2021-31635 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2021-31635 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (65th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2021-31635?: CVE-2021-31635 affects Jfinal. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2021-31635?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
When was CVE-2021-31635 published?: CVE-2021-31635 was published on 2023-06-26 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

https://github.com/jfinal/jfinal/issues/187

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:jfinal:jfinal:4.9.08:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Jfinal

CVE-2021-31649 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): In applications using jfinal 4.9.08 and below, there is a deserialization vulnerability when using redis,may be…
CVE-2019-17352 — High (CVSS 7.5): In JFinal cos before 2019-08-13, as used in JFinal 4.4, there is a vulnerability that can bypass the isSafeFile()…
CVE-2021-33348 — Medium (CVSS 6.1): An issue was discovered in JFinal framework v4.9.10 and below. The "set" method of the "Controller" class of jfinal…

All CVEs affecting Jfinal →

Other CWE-94 (Code Injection) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-57624 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Blocksy Companion Pro <= 2.1.46 versions.
CVE-2026-10134 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.9.3 allows an attacker to read every secret available to the Langflow process, read…
CVE-2026-53576 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Kestra is an open-source, event-driven orchestration platform. Prior to 1.0.45 and 1.3.21, the authentication filter…
CVE-2026-10561 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.9.3 has an vulnerability due to an improper isolation of Python execution combined…
CVE-2026-25470 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in ACPT ACPT (Pro) - Custom Post Types Plugin…
CVE-2026-48836 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Easy Invoice <= 2.1.19 versions.

Browse all CWE-94 (Code Injection) vulnerabilities →