How severe is CVE-2022-28345?

CVE-2022-28345 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.5, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity high, and availability none.

Is CVE-2022-28345 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 2% (80th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2022-28345?

CVE-2022-28345 affects Signal. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2022-28345?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

When was CVE-2022-28345 published?

CVE-2022-28345 was published on 2022-04-15 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2022-28345

CVE-2022-28345 is a high-severity vulnerability in Signal with a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.5. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-74.

Key facts

Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 7.5)
CVSS v2: 5.0
EPSS exploit prediction: 2% (80th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-74
Affected product: Signal
Published: 2022-04-15
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

The Signal app before 5.34 for iOS allows URI spoofing via RTLO injection. It incorrectly renders RTLO encoded URLs beginning with a non-breaking space, when there is a hash character in the URL. This technique allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to send legitimate looking links, appearing to be any website URL, by abusing the non-http/non-https automatic rendering of URLs. An attacker can spoof, for example, example.com, and masquerade any URL with a malicious destination. An attacker requires a subdomain such as gepj, txt, fdp, or xcod, which would appear backwards as jpeg, txt, pdf, and docx respectively.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2022-28345?: The Signal app before 5.34 for iOS allows URI spoofing via RTLO injection. It incorrectly renders RTLO encoded URLs beginning with a non-breaking space, when there is a hash character in the URL. This technique allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to send legitimate looking links, appearing to be any website URL, by abusing the non-http/non-https automatic rendering of URLs. An attacker can spoof, for example, example.com, and masquerade any URL with a malicious destination. An attacker requires a subdomain such as gepj, txt, fdp, or xcod, which would appear backwards as jpeg, txt, pdf, and docx respectively.
How severe is CVE-2022-28345?: CVE-2022-28345 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.5, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity high, and availability none.
Is CVE-2022-28345 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 2% (80th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2022-28345?: CVE-2022-28345 affects Signal. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2022-28345?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
When was CVE-2022-28345 published?: CVE-2022-28345 was published on 2022-04-15 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:signal:signal:*:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Signal

CVE-2018-16132 — High (CVSS 8.6): The image rendering component (createGenericPreview) of the Open Whisper Signal app through 2.29.0 for iOS fails to…
CVE-2018-9840 — Medium (CVSS 6.8): The Open Whisper Signal app before 2.23.2 for iOS allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the screen locker…
CVE-2020-5753 — Medium (CVSS 5.3): Signal Private Messenger Android v4.59.0 and up and iOS v3.8.1.5 and up allows a remote non-contact to ring a victim's…
CVE-2025-5715 — Low (CVSS 3.8): A vulnerability was found in Signal App 7.41.4 on Android. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability…

All CVEs affecting Signal →

Other CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Injection)) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-25586 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.29, a sandbox escape is possible by shadowing hasOwnProperty…
CVE-2026-25520 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.29, The return values of functions aren't wrapped.…
CVE-2025-20265 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A vulnerability in the RADIUS subsystem implementation of Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software could…
CVE-2025-20337 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A vulnerability in a specific API of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to…
CVE-2025-20281 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A vulnerability in a specific API of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to…
CVE-2024-42472 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Flatpak is a Linux application sandboxing and distribution framework. Prior to versions 1.14.0 and 1.15.10, a malicious…

Browse all CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Injection)) vulnerabilities →