How severe is CVE-2022-28481?

CVE-2022-28481 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2022-28481 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 2% (74th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2022-28481?

CVE-2022-28481 affects Csv-safe Project Csv-safe. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2022-28481?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

When was CVE-2022-28481 published?

CVE-2022-28481 was published on 2022-05-01 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2022-28481

Q: What is CVE-2022-28481?

CSV-Safe gem < 3.0.0 doesn't filter out special characters which could trigger CSV Injection.

CVE-2022-28481 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Csv-safe Project Csv-safe with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-1236.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
CVSS v2: 7.5
EPSS exploit prediction: 2% (74th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-1236
Affected product: Csv-safe Project Csv-safe
Published: 2022-05-01
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

CSV-Safe gem < 3.0.0 doesn't filter out special characters which could trigger CSV Injection.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2022-28481?: CSV-Safe gem < 3.0.0 doesn't filter out special characters which could trigger CSV Injection.
How severe is CVE-2022-28481?: CVE-2022-28481 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2022-28481 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 2% (74th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2022-28481?: CVE-2022-28481 affects Csv-safe Project Csv-safe. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2022-28481?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
When was CVE-2022-28481 published?: CVE-2022-28481 was published on 2022-05-01 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:csv-safe_project:csv-safe:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*

Other CWE-1236 (Improper Neutralization of Formula Elements in a CSV File) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-31049 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): An issue in Hostbill v.2025-11-24 and 2025-12-01 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and escalate…
CVE-2020-36962 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Tendenci 12.3.1 contains a CSV formula injection vulnerability in the contact form message field that allows attackers…
CVE-2021-47901 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Dirsearch 0.4.1 contains a CSV injection vulnerability when using the --csv-report flag that allows attackers to inject…
CVE-2020-36941 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Knockpy 4.1.1 contains a CSV injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious formulas into CSV…
CVE-2025-56267 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): A CSV injection vulnerability in the /id_profiles endpoint of Avigilon ACM v7.10.0.20 allows attackers to execute…
CVE-2023-47295 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): A CSV injection vulnerability in NCR Terminal Handler v1.5.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via…

Browse all CWE-1236 (Improper Neutralization of Formula Elements in a CSV File) vulnerabilities →