CVE-2023-2278
CVE-2023-2278 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Wpdirectorykit Wp Directory Kit with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-22.
Key facts
- Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 2% (74th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- Weakness: CWE-22
- Affected product: Wpdirectorykit Wp Directory Kit
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
The WP Directory Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in versions up to, and including, 1.1.9 via the 'wdk_public_action' function. This allows unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2023-2278?
- The WP Directory Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in versions up to, and including, 1.1.9 via the 'wdk_public_action' function. This allows unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
- How severe is CVE-2023-2278?
- CVE-2023-2278 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2023-2278 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 2% (74th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2023-2278?
- CVE-2023-2278 affects Wpdirectorykit Wp Directory Kit. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2023-2278?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- When was CVE-2023-2278 published?
- CVE-2023-2278 was published on 2023-06-13 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wpdirectorykit/tags/1.1.8/vendor/Winter_MVC/core/mvc_loader.php#L91
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2904689/wpdirectorykit/trunk/vendor/Winter_MVC/core/mvc_loader.php
- https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/87399a07-d2d8-42cd-81f0-9060f6cfff48?source=cve
Affected products (1)
- cpe:2.3:a:wpdirectorykit:wp_directory_kit:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
More vulnerabilities in Wpdirectorykit Wp Directory Kit
- CVE-2025-13390 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): The WP Directory Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including,…
- CVE-2024-3217 — High (CVSS 8.8): The WP Directory Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'attribute_value' and 'attribute_id'…
- CVE-2024-37487 — High (CVSS 7.1): Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in…
- CVE-2024-29774 — High (CVSS 7.1): Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in WpDirectoryKit WP…
- CVE-2023-2351 — Medium (CVSS 6.5): The WP Directory Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data and loss of data due to a…
- CVE-2023-2280 — Medium (CVSS 6.5): The WP Directory Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data and loss of data due to a…
All CVEs affecting Wpdirectorykit Wp Directory Kit →
Other CWE-22 (Path Traversal) vulnerabilities
- CVE-2026-48282 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): ColdFusion versions 2025.9, 2023.20 and earlier are affected by an Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted…
- CVE-2026-54917 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): SeaweedFS is a distributed storage system for object storage (S3), file systems, and Iceberg tables. Prior to 4.30, the…
- CVE-2026-11429 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Two endpoints in the Vault Service ScriptsController, shared by Altium Enterprise Server and Altium 365, accept file…
- CVE-2026-34909 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit a Path Traversal vulnerability found in UniFi OS devices to…
- CVE-2026-7411 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): In Eclipse BaSyx Java Server SDK versions prior to 2.0.0-milestone-10, inadequate path normalization in the Submodel…
- CVE-2026-36767 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A path traversal vulnerability in the /content/images/add endpoint of shopizer v3.2.5 allows attackers write arbitrary…