How severe is CVE-2023-28110?

CVE-2023-28110 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.7, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires high privileges and user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2023-28110 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (54th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2023-28110?

CVE-2023-28110 primarily affects Fit2cloud Jumpserver. In total, 2 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.

How do I fix CVE-2023-28110?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.

When was CVE-2023-28110 published?

CVE-2023-28110 was published on 2023-03-16 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2023-28110

CVE-2023-28110 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Fit2cloud Jumpserver with a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.7. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-77.

Key facts

Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 5.7)
EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (54th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-77
Affected product: Fit2cloud Jumpserver
Published: 2023-03-16
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Jumpserver is a popular open source bastion host, and Koko is a Jumpserver component that is the Go version of coco, refactoring coco's SSH/SFTP service and Web Terminal service. Prior to version 2.28.8, using illegal tokens to connect to a Kubernetes cluster through Koko can result in the execution of dangerous commands that may disrupt the Koko container environment and affect normal usage. The vulnerability has been fixed in v2.28.8.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2023-28110?: Jumpserver is a popular open source bastion host, and Koko is a Jumpserver component that is the Go version of coco, refactoring coco's SSH/SFTP service and Web Terminal service. Prior to version 2.28.8, using illegal tokens to connect to a Kubernetes cluster through Koko can result in the execution of dangerous commands that may disrupt the Koko container environment and affect normal usage. The vulnerability has been fixed in v2.28.8.
How severe is CVE-2023-28110?: CVE-2023-28110 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.7, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires high privileges and user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2023-28110 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (54th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2023-28110?: CVE-2023-28110 primarily affects Fit2cloud Jumpserver. In total, 2 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
How do I fix CVE-2023-28110?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
When was CVE-2023-28110 published?: CVE-2023-28110 was published on 2023-03-16 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (2)

cpe:2.3:a:fit2cloud:jumpserver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:fit2cloud:koko:-:*:*:*:*:go:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Fit2cloud Jumpserver

CVE-2024-40629 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): JumpServer is an open-source Privileged Access Management (PAM) tool that provides DevOps and IT teams with on-demand…
CVE-2024-40628 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): JumpServer is an open-source Privileged Access Management (PAM) tool that provides DevOps and IT teams with on-demand…
CVE-2024-29202 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. Attackers can exploit…
CVE-2024-29201 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. Attackers can bypass…
CVE-2023-48193 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Insecure Permissions vulnerability in JumpServer GPLv3 v.3.8.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via…
CVE-2025-62712 — Critical (CVSS 9.6): JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. In JumpServer…

All CVEs affecting Fit2cloud Jumpserver →

Other CWE-77 (Command Injection) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-23652 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Microsoft Power Pages allows an…
CVE-2025-59818 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system using the file…
CVE-2025-64093 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Remote Code Execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary commands into the…
CVE-2025-64090 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute commands via the hostname of the device.
CVE-2025-61492 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A command injection vulnerability in the execute_command function of terminal-controller-mcp 0.1.7 allows attackers to…
CVE-2025-10035 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet of Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT allows an actor with a validly forged…

Browse all CWE-77 (Command Injection) vulnerabilities →