How severe is CVE-2023-28725?

CVE-2023-28725 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.

Is CVE-2023-28725 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 21% (97th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2023-28725?

CVE-2023-28725 affects Generalbytes Crypto Application Server. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2023-28725?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

When was CVE-2023-28725 published?

CVE-2023-28725 was published on 2023-03-22 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2023-28725

CVE-2023-28725 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Generalbytes Crypto Application Server with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score of 21% places it in the 97th percentile, indicating an elevated likelihood of exploitation. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-434.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.1)
EPSS exploit prediction: 21% (97th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-434
Affected product: Generalbytes Crypto Application Server
Published: 2023-03-22
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

General Bytes Crypto Application Server (CAS) 20230120, as distributed with General Bytes BATM devices, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code by uploading a Java application to the /batm/app/admin/standalone/deployments directory, aka BATM-4780, as exploited in the wild in March 2023. This is fixed in 20221118.48 and 20230120.44.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2023-28725?: General Bytes Crypto Application Server (CAS) 20230120, as distributed with General Bytes BATM devices, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code by uploading a Java application to the /batm/app/admin/standalone/deployments directory, aka BATM-4780, as exploited in the wild in March 2023. This is fixed in 20221118.48 and 20230120.44.
How severe is CVE-2023-28725?: CVE-2023-28725 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.
Is CVE-2023-28725 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 21% (97th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2023-28725?: CVE-2023-28725 affects Generalbytes Crypto Application Server. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2023-28725?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
When was CVE-2023-28725 published?: CVE-2023-28725 was published on 2023-03-22 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:generalbytes:crypto_application_server:20230120:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Other CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-48283 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): ColdFusion versions 2025.9, 2023.20 and earlier are affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type…
CVE-2026-48276 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): ColdFusion versions 2025.9, 2023.20 and earlier are affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type…
CVE-2026-57700 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Daan.Dev OMGF Pro allows Using Malicious Files. This…
CVE-2025-69129 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload in WordPress & WooCommerce Scraper Plugin, Import Data from Any Site <= 1.0.7…
CVE-2026-40772 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload in GeekyBot <= 1.2.2 versions.
CVE-2026-40412 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type in Azure Orbital Spatio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code…

Browse all CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type) vulnerabilities →