CVE-2023-33294
CVE-2023-33294 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Kaiostech Kaios with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-77.
Key facts
- Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (56th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- Weakness: CWE-77
- Affected product: Kaiostech Kaios
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
An issue was discovered in KaiOS 3.0 before 3.1. The /system/bin/tctweb_server binary exposes a local web server that responds to GET and POST requests on port 2929. The server accepts arbitrary Bash commands and executes them as root. Because it is not permission or context restricted and returns proper CORS headers, it's accessible to all websites via the browser. At a bare minimum, this allows an attacker to retrieve a list of the user's installed apps, notifications, and downloads. It also allows an attacker to delete local files and modify system properties including the boolean persist.moz.killswitch property (which would render the device inoperable). This vulnerability is partially mitigated by SELinux which prevents reads, writes, or modifications to files or permissions within protected partitions.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2023-33294?
- An issue was discovered in KaiOS 3.0 before 3.1. The /system/bin/tctweb_server binary exposes a local web server that responds to GET and POST requests on port 2929. The server accepts arbitrary Bash commands and executes them as root. Because it is not permission or context restricted and returns proper CORS headers, it's accessible to all websites via the browser. At a bare minimum, this allows an attacker to retrieve a list of the user's installed apps, notifications, and downloads. It also allows an attacker to delete local files and modify system properties including the boolean persist.moz.killswitch property (which would render the device inoperable). This vulnerability is partially mitigated by SELinux which prevents reads, writes, or modifications to files or permissions within protected partitions.
- How severe is CVE-2023-33294?
- CVE-2023-33294 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2023-33294 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (56th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2023-33294?
- CVE-2023-33294 primarily affects Kaiostech Kaios. In total, 2 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2023-33294?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- When was CVE-2023-33294 published?
- CVE-2023-33294 was published on 2023-05-22 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
Affected products (2)
- cpe:2.3:o:kaiostech:kaios:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:kaiostech:kaios:3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
More vulnerabilities in Kaiostech Kaios
- CVE-2019-7386 — Medium (CVSS 6.5): A Denial of Service issue has been discovered in the Gecko component of KaiOS 2.5 10.05 (platform 48.0.a2) on Nokia…
- CVE-2019-14758 — Medium (CVSS 6.1): An issue was discovered in KaiOS 2.5 and 2.5.1. The pre-installed File Manager application is vulnerable to HTML and…
- CVE-2019-14757 — Medium (CVSS 6.1): An issue was discovered in KaiOS 2.5 and 2.5.1. The pre-installed Contacts application is vulnerable to HTML and…
- CVE-2019-14756 — Medium (CVSS 6.1): An issue was discovered in KaiOS 1.0, 2.5, and 2.5.12.5. The pre-installed Email application is vulnerable to HTML and…
- CVE-2023-33293 — Medium (CVSS 5.3): An issue was discovered in KaiOS 3.0 and 3.1. The binary /system/kaios/api-daemon exposes a local web server on…
- CVE-2023-27108 — Medium (CVSS 5.3): An issue was discovered in KaiOS 3.0. The pre-installed Communications application exposes a Web Activity that returns…
All CVEs affecting Kaiostech Kaios →
Other CWE-77 (Command Injection) vulnerabilities
- CVE-2026-23652 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Microsoft Power Pages allows an…
- CVE-2025-59818 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system using the file…
- CVE-2025-64093 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Remote Code Execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary commands into the…
- CVE-2025-64090 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute commands via the hostname of the device.
- CVE-2025-61492 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A command injection vulnerability in the execute_command function of terminal-controller-mcp 0.1.7 allows attackers to…
- CVE-2025-10035 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet of Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT allows an actor with a validly forged…