CVE-2023-3494
CVE-2023-3494 is a high-severity vulnerability in Freebsd with a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-120.
Key facts
- Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 8.8)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (12th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- Weakness: CWE-120
- Affected product: Freebsd
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
The fwctl driver implements a state machine which is executed when a bhyve guest accesses certain x86 I/O ports. The interface lets the guest copy a string into a buffer resident in the bhyve process' memory. A bug in the state machine implementation can result in a buffer overflowing when copying this string. Malicious, privileged software running in a guest VM can exploit the buffer overflow to achieve code execution on the host in the bhyve userspace process, which typically runs as root, mitigated by the capabilities assigned through the Capsicum sandbox available to the bhyve process.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2023-3494?
- The fwctl driver implements a state machine which is executed when a bhyve guest accesses certain x86 I/O ports. The interface lets the guest copy a string into a buffer resident in the bhyve process' memory. A bug in the state machine implementation can result in a buffer overflowing when copying this string. Malicious, privileged software running in a guest VM can exploit the buffer overflow to achieve code execution on the host in the bhyve userspace process, which typically runs as root, mitigated by the capabilities assigned through the Capsicum sandbox available to the bhyve process.
- How severe is CVE-2023-3494?
- CVE-2023-3494 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.8, rated high severity. It is exploitable over local access with low attack complexity, requires low privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2023-3494 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (12th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2023-3494?
- CVE-2023-3494 primarily affects Freebsd. In total, 14 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2023-3494?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- When was CVE-2023-3494 published?
- CVE-2023-3494 was published on 2023-08-01 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
- https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:07.bhyve.asc
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230831-0006/
Affected products (14)
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:b1-p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:b2-p2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p4:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p5:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p6:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p7:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:p8:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.1:rc1-p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.2:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
More vulnerabilities in Freebsd
- CVE-2024-43102 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Concurrent removals of certain anonymous shared memory mappings by using the UMTX_SHM_DESTROY sub-request of…
- CVE-2018-17160 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): In FreeBSD before 11.2-STABLE(r341486) and 11.2-RELEASE-p6, insufficient bounds checking in one of the device models…
- CVE-2014-3954 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Stack-based buffer overflow in rtsold in FreeBSD 9.1 through 10.1-RC2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of…
- CVE-2011-4862 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Buffer overflow in libtelnet/encrypt.c in telnetd in FreeBSD 7.3 through 9.0, MIT Kerberos Version 5 Applications (aka…
- CVE-2006-4304 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Buffer overflow in the sppp driver in FreeBSD 4.11 through 6.1, NetBSD 2.0 through 4.0 beta before 20060823, and…
- CVE-2006-0226 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Integer overflow in IEEE 802.11 network subsystem (ieee80211_ioctl.c) in FreeBSD before 6.0-STABLE, while scanning for…
Other CWE-120 (Classic Buffer Overflow) vulnerabilities
- CVE-2025-48611 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): In DeviceId of DeviceId.java, there is a possible desync in persistence due to a missing bounds check. This could lead…
- CVE-2026-24823 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Out-of-bounds Write, Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in FASTSHIFT…
- CVE-2026-24810 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in rethinkdb (src/cjson modules).…
- CVE-2026-24800 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Out-of-bounds Write, Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in tildearrow…
- CVE-2025-9962 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A buffer overflow vulnerability in Novakon P series allows attackers to gain root permission without prior…
- CVE-2010-10016 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): BS.Player version 2.57 (build 1051) contains a vulnerability in its playlist import functionality. When processing .m3u…
Browse all CWE-120 (Classic Buffer Overflow) vulnerabilities →