CVE-2024-28183
CVE-2024-28183 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Espressif Esp-idf with a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.1. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-367.
Key facts
- Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 6.1)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (11th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2024-25308
- Weakness: CWE-367
- Affected product: Espressif Esp-idf
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
ESP-IDF is the development framework for Espressif SoCs supported on Windows, Linux and macOS. A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was discovered in the implementation of the ESP-IDF bootloader which could allow an attacker with physical access to flash of the device to bypass anti-rollback protection. Anti-rollback prevents rollback to application with security version lower than one programmed in eFuse of chip. This attack can allow to boot past (passive) application partition having lower security version of the same device even in the presence of the flash encryption scheme. The attack requires carefully modifying the flash contents after the anti-rollback checks have been performed by the bootloader (before loading the application). The vulnerability is fixed in 4.4.7 and 5.2.1.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2024-28183?
- ESP-IDF is the development framework for Espressif SoCs supported on Windows, Linux and macOS. A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was discovered in the implementation of the ESP-IDF bootloader which could allow an attacker with physical access to flash of the device to bypass anti-rollback protection. Anti-rollback prevents rollback to application with security version lower than one programmed in eFuse of chip. This attack can allow to boot past (passive) application partition having lower security version of the same device even in the presence of the flash encryption scheme. The attack requires carefully modifying the flash contents after the anti-rollback checks have been performed by the bootloader (before loading the application). The vulnerability is fixed in 4.4.7 and 5.2.1.
- How severe is CVE-2024-28183?
- CVE-2024-28183 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.1, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over physical access with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.
- Is CVE-2024-28183 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (11th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2024-28183?
- CVE-2024-28183 primarily affects Espressif Esp-idf. In total, 4 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2024-28183?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
- Does CVE-2024-28183 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2024-28183 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2024-25308.
- When was CVE-2024-28183 published?
- CVE-2024-28183 was published on 2024-03-25 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/3305cb4d235182067936f8e940e6db174e25b4b2
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/4c95aa445d4e84f01f86b6f3a552aa299276abf3
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/534e3ad1fa68526a5f989fb2163856d6b7cd2c87
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/7003f1ef0dffc73c34eb153d1b0710babb078149
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b2cdc0678965790f49afeb6e6b0737cd24433a05
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c33b9e1426121ce8cccf1a94241740be9cff68de
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/f327ddf6adab0c28d395975785727b2feef57803
- https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-22x6-3756-pfp8
Affected products (4)
- cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:4.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
More vulnerabilities in Espressif Esp-idf
- CVE-2025-52471 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been…
- CVE-2026-45328 — Critical (CVSS 9.3): ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In versions 5.5.4 and 6.0, the esp_tee…
- CVE-2025-66409 — Critical (CVSS 9.1): ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In 5.5.1, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, 5.1.6, and…
- CVE-2025-55297 — High (CVSS 8.8): ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. The BluFi example bundled in ESP-IDF was…
- CVE-2024-53406 — High (CVSS 8.8): Espressif Esp idf v5.3.0 is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions resulting in Authentication bypass. In the reconnection…
- CVE-2021-28139 — High (CVSS 8.8): The Bluetooth Classic implementation in Espressif ESP-IDF 4.4 and earlier does not properly restrict the Feature Page…
All CVEs affecting Espressif Esp-idf →
Other CWE-367 (Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition) vulnerabilities
- CVE-2026-25641 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.29, there is a sandbox escape vulnerability due to a…
- CVE-2025-64180 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Manager-io/Manager is accounting software. In Manager Desktop and Server versions 25.11.1.3085 and below, a critical…
- CVE-2025-34027 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): The Versa Concerto SD-WAN orchestration platform is vulnerable to an authentication bypass in the Traefik reverse proxy…
- CVE-2026-25052 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.18 and 2.5.0, a vulnerability in the file…
- CVE-2025-13032 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): Double fetch in sandbox kernel driver in Avast/AVG Antivirus <25.3 on windows allows local attacker to escalate…
- CVE-2026-53838 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): OpenClaw before 2026.5.27 contains a state mutation vulnerability in node pairing reconnection that allows paired nodes…
Browse all CWE-367 (Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition) vulnerabilities →