How severe is CVE-2025-0689?

CVE-2025-0689 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.8, rated high severity. It is exploitable over local access with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2025-0689 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (35th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-0689?

CVE-2025-0689 affects Gnu Grub2. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-0689?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-0689 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-0689 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-5596.

When was CVE-2025-0689 published?

CVE-2025-0689 was published on 2025-03-03 and last updated on 2026-06-30.

CVE-2025-0689

CVE-2025-0689 is a high-severity vulnerability in Gnu Grub2 with a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-120.

Key facts

Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 7.8)
EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (35th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-5596
Weakness: CWE-120
Affected product: Gnu Grub2
Published: 2025-03-03
Last modified: 2026-06-30

Description

When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-0689?: When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.
How severe is CVE-2025-0689?: CVE-2025-0689 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.8, rated high severity. It is exploitable over local access with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2025-0689 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (35th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-0689?: CVE-2025-0689 affects Gnu Grub2. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-0689?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-0689 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-0689 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-5596.
When was CVE-2025-0689 published?: CVE-2025-0689 was published on 2025-03-03 and last updated on 2026-06-30.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Gnu Grub2

CVE-2024-56737 — High (CVSS 8.8): GNU GRUB (aka GRUB2) through 2.12 has a heap-based buffer overflow in fs/hfs.c via crafted sblock data in an HFS…
CVE-2022-2601 — High (CVSS 8.6): A buffer overflow was found in grub_font_construct_glyph(). A malicious crafted pf2 font can lead to an overflow when…
CVE-2021-20233 — High (CVSS 8.2): A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. Setparam_prefix() in the menu rendering code performs a length…
CVE-2020-25632 — High (CVSS 8.2): A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. The rmmod implementation allows the unloading of a module used as…
CVE-2020-10713 — High (CVSS 8.2): A flaw was found in grub2, prior to version 2.06. An attacker may use the GRUB 2 flaw to hijack and tamper the GRUB…
CVE-2022-28734 — High (CVSS 8.1): Out-of-bounds write when handling split HTTP headers; When handling split HTTP headers, GRUB2 HTTP code accidentally…

All CVEs affecting Gnu Grub2 →

Other CWE-120 (Classic Buffer Overflow) vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-48611 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): In DeviceId of DeviceId.java, there is a possible desync in persistence due to a missing bounds check. This could lead…
CVE-2026-24823 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Out-of-bounds Write, Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in FASTSHIFT…
CVE-2026-24810 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in rethinkdb (src/cjson modules).…
CVE-2026-24800 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Out-of-bounds Write, Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in tildearrow…
CVE-2025-9962 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A buffer overflow vulnerability in Novakon P series allows attackers to gain root permission without prior…
CVE-2010-10016 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): BS.Player version 2.57 (build 1051) contains a vulnerability in its playlist import functionality. When processing .m3u…

Browse all CWE-120 (Classic Buffer Overflow) vulnerabilities →