CVE-2025-11165
CVE-2025-11165 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Dotcms with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.9. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-89.
Key facts
- Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.9)
- CVSS v4: 9.4
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (22nd percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-207542
- Weakness: CWE-89
- Affected product: Dotcms
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
A sandbox escape vulnerability exists in dotCMS’s Velocity scripting engine (VTools) that allows authenticated users with scripting privileges to bypass class and package restrictions enforced by SecureUberspectorImpl. By dynamically modifying the Velocity engine’s runtime configuration and reinitializing its Uberspect, a malicious actor can remove the introspector.restrict.classes and introspector.restrict.packages protections. Once these restrictions are cleared, the attacker can access arbitrary Java classes, including java.lang.Runtime, and execute arbitrary system commands under the privileges of the application process (e.g. dotCMS or Tomcat user).
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-11165?
- A sandbox escape vulnerability exists in dotCMS’s Velocity scripting engine (VTools) that allows authenticated users with scripting privileges to bypass class and package restrictions enforced by SecureUberspectorImpl. By dynamically modifying the Velocity engine’s runtime configuration and reinitializing its Uberspect, a malicious actor can remove the introspector.restrict.classes and introspector.restrict.packages protections. Once these restrictions are cleared, the attacker can access arbitrary Java classes, including java.lang.Runtime, and execute arbitrary system commands under the privileges of the application process (e.g. dotCMS or Tomcat user).
- How severe is CVE-2025-11165?
- CVE-2025-11165 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.9, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires low privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2025-11165 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (22nd percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2025-11165?
- CVE-2025-11165 affects Dotcms. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2025-11165?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- Does CVE-2025-11165 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2025-11165 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-207542.
- When was CVE-2025-11165 published?
- CVE-2025-11165 was published on 2026-02-24 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
Affected products (1)
- cpe:2.3:a:dotcms:dotcms:*:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
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