CVE-2025-1686

CVE-2025-1686 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Pebbletemplates Pebble Templates with a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-73.

Key facts

Description

Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-1686?
Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();
How severe is CVE-2025-1686?
CVE-2025-1686 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.8, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires high privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity none, and availability none.
Is CVE-2025-1686 being actively exploited?
It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (52nd percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-1686?
CVE-2025-1686 affects Pebbletemplates Pebble Templates. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-1686?
Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
Does CVE-2025-1686 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
Yes. CVE-2025-1686 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-5321.
When was CVE-2025-1686 published?
CVE-2025-1686 was published on 2025-02-27 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

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