How severe is CVE-2025-21502?

CVE-2025-21502 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 4.8, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is low, integrity low, and availability none.

Is CVE-2025-21502 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (58th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-21502?

CVE-2025-21502 primarily affects Oracle Graalvm. In total, 23 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-21502?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.

Does CVE-2025-21502 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-21502 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-2491.

When was CVE-2025-21502 published?

CVE-2025-21502 was published on 2025-01-21 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-21502

CVE-2025-21502 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Oracle Graalvm with a CVSS 3.x base score of 4.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-863.

Key facts

Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 4.8)
EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (58th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-2491
Weakness: CWE-863
Affected product: Oracle Graalvm
Published: 2025-01-21
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Hotspot). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u431-perf, 11.0.25, 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.16 and 21.3.12. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-21502?: Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Hotspot). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u431-perf, 11.0.25, 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.16 and 21.3.12. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).
How severe is CVE-2025-21502?: CVE-2025-21502 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 4.8, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is low, integrity low, and availability none.
Is CVE-2025-21502 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (58th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-21502?: CVE-2025-21502 primarily affects Oracle Graalvm. In total, 23 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-21502?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
Does CVE-2025-21502 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-21502 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-2491.
When was CVE-2025-21502 published?: CVE-2025-21502 was published on 2025-01-21 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (23)

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:20.3.16:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:21.3.12:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm_for_jdk:17.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm_for_jdk:21.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm_for_jdk:23.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:1.8.0:update431:*:*:enterprise_performance_pack:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:11.0.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:17.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:21.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:23.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:1.8.0:update431:*:*:enterprise_performance_pack:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:11.0.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:17.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:21.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:23.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:active_iq_unified_manager:-:*:*:*:*:vmware_vsphere:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:active_iq_unified_manager:-:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:brocade_san_navigator:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:data_infrastructure_insights_storage_workload_security_agent:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_insight:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_workflow_automation:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:netapp:bootstrap_os:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Oracle Graalvm

CVE-2021-22931 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Node.js before 16.6.0, 14.17.4, and 12.22.4 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution, XSS, Application crashes due to…
CVE-2021-29921 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): In Python before 3,9,5, the ipaddress library mishandles leading zero characters in the octets of an IP address string.…
CVE-2019-15606 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Including trailing white space in HTTP header values in Nodejs 10, 12, and 13 causes bypass of authorization based on…
CVE-2019-15605 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): HTTP request smuggling in Node.js 10, 12, and 13 causes malicious payload delivery when transfer-encoding is malformed
CVE-2019-17560 — Critical (CVSS 9.1): The "Apache NetBeans" autoupdate system does not validate SSL certificates and hostnames for https based downloads.…
CVE-2023-41993 — High (CVSS 8.8): The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. Processing web content may lead…

All CVEs affecting Oracle Graalvm →

Other CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-48286 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) versions 7.4.3 build 9396 and earlier are affected by an Incorrect Authorization…
CVE-2026-48303 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) versions 7.4.3 build 9394 and earlier are affected by an Incorrect Authorization…
CVE-2026-44330 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the…
CVE-2026-46595 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Previously, CVE-2024-45337 fixed an authorization bypass for misused ssh server configurations; if any other type of…
CVE-2026-33105 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper authorization in Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over…
CVE-2026-32213 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper authorization in Azure AI Foundry allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Browse all CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization) vulnerabilities →