How severe is CVE-2025-21540?

CVE-2025-21540 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.4, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires low privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is low, integrity low, and availability none.

Is CVE-2025-21540 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (38th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-21540?

CVE-2025-21540 affects Oracle Mysql Server. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-21540?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.

Does CVE-2025-21540 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-21540 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-2529.

When was CVE-2025-21540 published?

CVE-2025-21540 was published on 2025-01-21 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-21540

CVE-2025-21540 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Oracle Mysql Server with a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.4. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-863.

Key facts

Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 5.4)
EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (38th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-2529
Weakness: CWE-863
Affected product: Oracle Mysql Server
Published: 2025-01-21
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Security: Privileges). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of MySQL Server accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-21540?: Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Security: Privileges). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of MySQL Server accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).
How severe is CVE-2025-21540?: CVE-2025-21540 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.4, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires low privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is low, integrity low, and availability none.
Is CVE-2025-21540 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (38th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-21540?: CVE-2025-21540 affects Oracle Mysql Server. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-21540?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
Does CVE-2025-21540 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-21540 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-2529.
When was CVE-2025-21540 published?: CVE-2025-21540 was published on 2025-01-21 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Oracle Mysql Server

CVE-2021-3711 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): In order to decrypt SM2 encrypted data an application is expected to call the API function EVP_PKEY_decrypt().…
CVE-2019-5482 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Heap buffer overflow in the TFTP protocol handler in cURL 7.19.4 to 7.65.3.
CVE-2019-5481 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Double-free vulnerability in the FTP-kerberos code in cURL 7.52.0 to 7.65.3.
CVE-2019-3822 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): libcurl versions from 7.36.0 to before 7.64.0 are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow. The function creating an…
CVE-2021-22945 — Critical (CVSS 9.1): When sending data to an MQTT server, libcurl <= 7.73.0 and 7.78.0 could in some circumstances erroneously keep a…
CVE-2022-21824 — High (CVSS 8.2): Due to the formatting logic of the "console.table()" function it was not safe to allow user controlled input to be…

All CVEs affecting Oracle Mysql Server →

Other CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-48286 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) versions 7.4.3 build 9396 and earlier are affected by an Incorrect Authorization…
CVE-2026-48303 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) versions 7.4.3 build 9394 and earlier are affected by an Incorrect Authorization…
CVE-2026-44330 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the…
CVE-2026-46595 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Previously, CVE-2024-45337 fixed an authorization bypass for misused ssh server configurations; if any other type of…
CVE-2026-33105 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper authorization in Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over…
CVE-2026-32213 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper authorization in Azure AI Foundry allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Browse all CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization) vulnerabilities →