CVE-2025-21595
CVE-2025-21595 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Juniper Junos with a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.5. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-401.
Key facts
- Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 6.5)
- CVSS v4: 7.1
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (14th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-10527
- Weakness: CWE-401
- Affected product: Juniper Junos
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
A Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime vulnerability in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to cause an FPC to crash, leading to Denial of Service (DoS). On all Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved platforms, in an EVPN-VXLAN scenario, when specific ARP packets are received on an IPv4 network, or specific NDP packets are received on an IPv6 network, kernel heap memory leaks, which eventually leads to an FPC crash and restart. This issue does not affect MX Series platforms. Heap size growth on FPC can be seen using below command. user@host> show chassis fpc Temp CPU Utilization (%) CPU Utilization (%) Memory Utilization (%) Slot State (C) Total Interrupt 1min 5min 15min DRAM (MB) Heap Buffer 0 Online 45 3 0 2 2 2 32768 19 0 <<<<<<< Heap increase in all fPCs This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S7, * 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S4, * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S1, * 22.3 versions before 22.3R3-S1, * 22.4 versions before 22.4R2-S2, 22.4R3. and Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 21.2R3-S7-EVO, * 21.4-EVO versions before 21.4R3-S4-EVO, * 22.2-EVO versions before 22.2R3-S1-EVO, * 22.3-EVO versions before 22.3R3-S1-EVO, * 22.4-EVO versions before 22.4R3-EVO.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-21595?
- A Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime vulnerability in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to cause an FPC to crash, leading to Denial of Service (DoS). On all Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved platforms, in an EVPN-VXLAN scenario, when specific ARP packets are received on an IPv4 network, or specific NDP packets are received on an IPv6 network, kernel heap memory leaks, which eventually leads to an FPC crash and restart. This issue does not affect MX Series platforms. Heap size growth on FPC can be seen using below command. user@host> show chassis fpc Temp CPU Utilization (%) CPU Utilization (%) Memory Utilization (%) Slot State (C) Total Interrupt 1min 5min 15min DRAM (MB) Heap Buffer 0 Online 45 3 0 2 2 2 32768 19 0 <<<<<<< Heap increase in all fPCs This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S7, * 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S4, * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S1, * 22.3 versions before 22.3R3-S1, * 22.4 versions before 22.4R2-S2, 22.4R3. and Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 21.2R3-S7-EVO, * 21.4-EVO versions before 21.4R3-S4-EVO, * 22.2-EVO versions before 22.2R3-S1-EVO, * 22.3-EVO versions before 22.3R3-S1-EVO, * 22.4-EVO versions before 22.4R3-EVO.
- How severe is CVE-2025-21595?
- CVE-2025-21595 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.5, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over an adjacent network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity none, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2025-21595 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (14th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2025-21595?
- CVE-2025-21595 primarily affects Juniper Junos. In total, 100 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2025-21595?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
- Does CVE-2025-21595 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2025-21595 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-10527.
- When was CVE-2025-21595 published?
- CVE-2025-21595 was published on 2025-04-09 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
Affected products (100)
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s5:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s6:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.3:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.3:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.3:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.3:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*
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