How severe is CVE-2025-23061?

CVE-2025-23061 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.0, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2025-23061 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 7% (93rd percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-23061?

CVE-2025-23061 affects Mongoosejs Mongoose. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-23061?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-23061 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-23061 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-0106.

When was CVE-2025-23061 published?

CVE-2025-23061 was published on 2025-01-15 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-23061

CVE-2025-23061 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Mongoosejs Mongoose with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.0. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-94.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.0)
EPSS exploit prediction: 7% (93rd percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-0106
Weakness: CWE-94
Affected product: Mongoosejs Mongoose
Published: 2025-01-15
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-23061?: Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.
How severe is CVE-2025-23061?: CVE-2025-23061 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.0, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2025-23061 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 7% (93rd percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-23061?: CVE-2025-23061 affects Mongoosejs Mongoose. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-23061?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-23061 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-23061 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-0106.
When was CVE-2025-23061 published?: CVE-2025-23061 was published on 2025-01-15 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:mongoosejs:mongoose:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Mongoosejs Mongoose

CVE-2023-3696 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Prototype Pollution in GitHub repository automattic/mongoose prior to 7.3.4.
CVE-2022-2564 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Prototype Pollution in GitHub repository automattic/mongoose prior to 6.4.6.
CVE-2024-53900 — Critical (CVSS 9.1): Mongoose before 8.8.3 can improperly use $where in match, leading to search injection.
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