CVE-2025-23167
CVE-2025-23167 is a medium-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.5. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-444.
Key facts
- Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 6.5)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (37th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-27706
- Weakness: CWE-444
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
A flaw in Node.js 20's HTTP parser allows improper termination of HTTP/1 headers using `\r\n\rX` instead of the required `\r\n\r\n`. This inconsistency enables request smuggling, allowing attackers to bypass proxy-based access controls and submit unauthorized requests. The issue was resolved by upgrading `llhttp` to version 9, which enforces correct header termination. Impact: * This vulnerability affects only Node.js 20.x users prior to the `llhttp` v9 upgrade.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-23167?
- A flaw in Node.js 20's HTTP parser allows improper termination of HTTP/1 headers using `\r\n\rX` instead of the required `\r\n\r\n`. This inconsistency enables request smuggling, allowing attackers to bypass proxy-based access controls and submit unauthorized requests. The issue was resolved by upgrading `llhttp` to version 9, which enforces correct header termination. Impact: * This vulnerability affects only Node.js 20.x users prior to the `llhttp` v9 upgrade.
- How severe is CVE-2025-23167?
- CVE-2025-23167 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 6.5, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is low, integrity low, and availability none.
- Is CVE-2025-23167 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (37th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- How do I fix CVE-2025-23167?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
- Does CVE-2025-23167 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2025-23167 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-27706.
- When was CVE-2025-23167 published?
- CVE-2025-23167 was published on 2025-05-19 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
Other CWE-444 (HTTP Request/Response Smuggling) vulnerabilities
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- CVE-2018-3907 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): An exploitable vulnerability exists in the REST parser of video-core's HTTP server of the Samsung SmartThings Hub…
- CVE-2025-55315 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in ASP.NET Core allows an authorized…
- CVE-2020-15049 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): An issue was discovered in http/ContentLengthInterpreter.cc in Squid before 4.12 and 5.x before 5.0.3. A Request…
- CVE-2026-13763 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP/2 requests in AWS Application Load Balancer with AWS WAF enabled might allow remote…
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