CVE-2025-27407
CVE-2025-27407 is a critical-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.0. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-94.
Key facts
- Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.0)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 3% (85th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-7224
- Weakness: CWE-94
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
graphql-ruby is a Ruby implementation of GraphQL. Starting in version 1.11.5 and prior to versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21, loading a malicious schema definition in `GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection` (or `GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load`) can result in remote code execution. Any system which loads a schema by JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable, including those that use GraphQL::Client to load external schemas via GraphQL introspection. Versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21 contain a patch for the issue.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-27407?
- graphql-ruby is a Ruby implementation of GraphQL. Starting in version 1.11.5 and prior to versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21, loading a malicious schema definition in `GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection` (or `GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load`) can result in remote code execution. Any system which loads a schema by JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable, including those that use GraphQL::Client to load external schemas via GraphQL introspection. Versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21 contain a patch for the issue.
- How severe is CVE-2025-27407?
- CVE-2025-27407 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.0, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2025-27407 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 3% (85th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- How do I fix CVE-2025-27407?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- Does CVE-2025-27407 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2025-27407 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-7224.
- When was CVE-2025-27407 published?
- CVE-2025-27407 was published on 2025-03-12 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
- https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
- https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/28233b16c0eb9d0fb7808f4980e061dc7507c4cd
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/2d2f4ed1f79472f8eed29c864b039649e1de238f
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/5c5a7b9a9bdce143be048074aea50edb7bb747be
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/6eca16b9fa553aa957099a30dbde64ddcdac52ca
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d0963289e0dab4ea893bbecf12bb7d89294957bb
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d1117ae0361d9ed67e0795b07f5c3e98e62f3c7c
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/e3b33ace05391da2871c75ab4d3b66e29133b367
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-q92j-grw3-h492
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00002.html
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