How severe is CVE-2025-31123?

CVE-2025-31123 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.7, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires high privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.

Is CVE-2025-31123 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (29th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-31123?

CVE-2025-31123 affects Zitadel. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-31123?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-31123 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-31123 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-8872.

When was CVE-2025-31123 published?

CVE-2025-31123 was published on 2025-03-31 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-31123

CVE-2025-31123 is a high-severity vulnerability in Zitadel with a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.7. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-324.

Key facts

Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 8.7)
EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (29th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-8872
Weakness: CWE-324
Affected product: Zitadel
Published: 2025-03-31
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. A vulnerability existed where expired keys can be used to retrieve tokens. Specifically, ZITADEL fails to properly check the expiration date of the JWT key when used for Authorization Grants. This allows an attacker with an expired key to obtain valid access tokens. This vulnerability does not affect the use of JWT Profile for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication on the Token and Introspection endpoints, which correctly reject expired keys. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.71.6, 2.70.8, 2.69.9, 2.68.9, 2.67.13, 2.66.16, 2.65.7, 2.64.6, and 2.63.9.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-31123?: Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. A vulnerability existed where expired keys can be used to retrieve tokens. Specifically, ZITADEL fails to properly check the expiration date of the JWT key when used for Authorization Grants. This allows an attacker with an expired key to obtain valid access tokens. This vulnerability does not affect the use of JWT Profile for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication on the Token and Introspection endpoints, which correctly reject expired keys. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.71.6, 2.70.8, 2.69.9, 2.68.9, 2.67.13, 2.66.16, 2.65.7, 2.64.6, and 2.63.9.
How severe is CVE-2025-31123?: CVE-2025-31123 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 8.7, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires high privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.
Is CVE-2025-31123 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (29th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-31123?: CVE-2025-31123 affects Zitadel. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-31123?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-31123 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-31123 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-8872.
When was CVE-2025-31123 published?: CVE-2025-31123 was published on 2025-03-31 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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