CVE-2025-4412
CVE-2025-4412 is a medium-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 4.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-276.
Key facts
- Severity: Medium (CVSS 4.0 base score 4.8)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (3rd percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-17060
- Weakness: CWE-276
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission. This issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-4412?
- On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission. This issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.
- How severe is CVE-2025-4412?
- CVE-2025-4412 has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 4.8, rated medium severity.
- Is CVE-2025-4412 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (3rd percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- How do I fix CVE-2025-4412?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
- Does CVE-2025-4412 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2025-4412 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-17060.
- When was CVE-2025-4412 published?
- CVE-2025-4412 was published on 2025-05-27 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
Other CWE-276 (Incorrect Default Permissions) vulnerabilities
- CVE-2022-42150 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): TinyLab linux-lab v1.1-rc1 and cloud-labv0.8-rc2, v1.1-rc1 are vulnerable to insecure permissions. The default…
- CVE-2020-29492 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Dell Wyse ThinOS 8.6 and prior versions contain an insecure default configuration vulnerability. A remote…
- CVE-2020-29491 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Dell Wyse ThinOS 8.6 and prior versions contain an insecure default configuration vulnerability. A remote…
- CVE-2025-40585 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): A vulnerability has been identified in Energy Services (All versions with G5DFR). Affected solutions using G5DFR…
- CVE-2019-19896 — Critical (CVSS 9.9): In IXP EasyInstall 6.2.13723, there is Remote Code Execution via weak permissions on the Engine Service share. The…
- CVE-2020-37129 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Memu Play 7.1.3 contains an insecure folder permissions vulnerability that allows low-privileged users to modify the…
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