CVE-2025-49601
CVE-2025-49601 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Trustedfirmware Mbed Tls with a CVSS 3.x base score of 4.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-125.
Key facts
- Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 4.8)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (17th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-20079
- Weakness: CWE-125
- Affected product: Trustedfirmware Mbed Tls
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_import_public_key does not check that the input buffer is at least 4 bytes before reading a 32-bit field, allowing a possible out-of-bounds read on truncated input. Specifically, an out-of-bounds read in mbedtls_lms_import_public_key allows context-dependent attackers to trigger a crash or limited adjacent-memory disclosure by supplying a truncated LMS (Leighton-Micali Signature) public-key buffer under four bytes. An LMS public key starts with a 4-byte type indicator. The function mbedtls_lms_import_public_key reads this type indicator before validating the size of its input.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-49601?
- In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_import_public_key does not check that the input buffer is at least 4 bytes before reading a 32-bit field, allowing a possible out-of-bounds read on truncated input. Specifically, an out-of-bounds read in mbedtls_lms_import_public_key allows context-dependent attackers to trigger a crash or limited adjacent-memory disclosure by supplying a truncated LMS (Leighton-Micali Signature) public-key buffer under four bytes. An LMS public key starts with a 4-byte type indicator. The function mbedtls_lms_import_public_key reads this type indicator before validating the size of its input.
- How severe is CVE-2025-49601?
- CVE-2025-49601 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 4.8, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is low, integrity none, and availability low.
- Is CVE-2025-49601 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (17th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2025-49601?
- CVE-2025-49601 affects Trustedfirmware Mbed Tls. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2025-49601?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
- Does CVE-2025-49601 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2025-49601 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-20079.
- When was CVE-2025-49601 published?
- CVE-2025-49601 was published on 2025-07-04 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
Affected products (1)
- cpe:2.3:a:trustedfirmware:mbed_tls:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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All CVEs affecting Trustedfirmware Mbed Tls →
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