How severe is CVE-2025-54391?

CVE-2025-54391 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.

Is CVE-2025-54391 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (44th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2025-54391?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-54391 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-54391 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-29653.

When was CVE-2025-54391 published?

CVE-2025-54391 was published on 2025-09-16 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-54391

CVE-2025-54391 is a critical-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-284.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.1)
EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (44th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-29653
Weakness: CWE-284
Published: 2025-09-16
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

A vulnerability in the EnableTwoFactorAuthRequest SOAP endpoint of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) allows an attacker with valid user credentials to bypass Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) protection. The attacker can configure an additional 2FA method (either a third-party authenticator app or email-based 2FA) without presenting a valid authentication token or proving access to an already configured 2FA method. This bypasses 2FA and results in unauthorized access to accounts that are otherwise protected by 2FA.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-54391?: A vulnerability in the EnableTwoFactorAuthRequest SOAP endpoint of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) allows an attacker with valid user credentials to bypass Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) protection. The attacker can configure an additional 2FA method (either a third-party authenticator app or email-based 2FA) without presenting a valid authentication token or proving access to an already configured 2FA method. This bypasses 2FA and results in unauthorized access to accounts that are otherwise protected by 2FA.
How severe is CVE-2025-54391?: CVE-2025-54391 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.
Is CVE-2025-54391 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (44th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2025-54391?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-54391 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-54391 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-29653.
When was CVE-2025-54391 published?: CVE-2025-54391 was published on 2025-09-16 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

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