How severe is CVE-2025-54887?

CVE-2025-54887 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.

Is CVE-2025-54887 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (14th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2025-54887?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-54887 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-54887 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-23966.

When was CVE-2025-54887 published?

CVE-2025-54887 was published on 2025-08-08 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-54887

CVE-2025-54887 is a critical-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-354.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.1)
EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (14th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-23966
Weakness: CWE-354
Published: 2025-08-08
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-54887?: jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.
How severe is CVE-2025-54887?: CVE-2025-54887 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.
Is CVE-2025-54887 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (14th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2025-54887?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-54887 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-54887 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-23966.
When was CVE-2025-54887 published?: CVE-2025-54887 was published on 2025-08-08 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Other CWE-354 vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-11543 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value vulnerability in Sharp Display Solutions projectors allows a attacker may…
CVE-2024-25678 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): In LiteSpeed QUIC (LSQUIC) Library before 4.0.4, DCID validation is mishandled.
CVE-2023-33668 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): DigiExam up to v14.0.2 lacks integrity checks for native modules, allowing attackers to access PII and takeover…
CVE-2017-15994 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): rsync 3.1.3-development before 2017-10-24 mishandles archaic checksums, which makes it easier for remote attackers to…
CVE-2026-49230 — Critical (CVSS 9.1): Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value vulnerability in Apache APISIX. The jwe-decrypt plugin under default…
CVE-2026-34182 — Critical (CVSS 9.1): Issue Summary: Cryptographic Message Services (CMS) processing fails to perform sufficient input validation on the…

Browse all CWE-354 vulnerabilities →