CVE-2025-55423

CVE-2025-55423 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Iptime N104s-r1 Firmware with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-94.

Key facts

• Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
• EPSS exploit prediction: 3% (87th percentile)
• Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
• EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2026-3376
• Weakness: CWE-94
• Affected product: Iptime N104s-r1 Firmware
• Published: 2026-01-20
• Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

A command injection vulnerability exists in the upnp_relay() function in multiple ipTIME router models because the controlURL value used to pass port-forwarding information to an upper router is passed to system() without proper validation or sanitization, allowing OS command injection.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-55423?

A command injection vulnerability exists in the upnp_relay() function in multiple ipTIME router models because the controlURL value used to pass port-forwarding information to an upper router is passed to system() without proper validation or sanitization, allowing OS command injection.

How severe is CVE-2025-55423?

CVE-2025-55423 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2025-55423 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 3% (87th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-55423?

CVE-2025-55423 primarily affects Iptime N104s-r1 Firmware. In total, 164 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-55423?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-55423 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-55423 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-3376.

When was CVE-2025-55423 published?

CVE-2025-55423 was published on 2026-01-20 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

• https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kryOFltCmnPJvDTpIrudgryt79uI4PWchuQ8-Gak24c/edit?usp=sharing
• https://github.com/0x0xxxx/CVE/blob/main/CVE-2025-55423/README.md
• https://github.com/0x0xxxx/CVE/blob/main/CVE-2025-55423/assets/affected_products_cve_format.json
• https://iptime.com/iptime/?pageid=4&page_id=126&dfsid=3&dftid=583&uid=25203&mod=document

Affected products (164)

• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n104s-r1_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n104v_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n1e_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n1plus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n1plus-i_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n1v_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n2e_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n2eplus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n2plus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n2plus-i_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n2v_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n2vs_firmware:12.16.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n3-i_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n5_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n5-i_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n6_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n600_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n6004r_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n602e_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n602eplus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n602se_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604_black_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604a_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604e_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604eplus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604plus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604plus-i_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604r_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604rplus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604rplus-i_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604s_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604se_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604t_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604tplus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604v_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n604vplus_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n7004ns_firmware:9.91.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n702bcm_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
• cpe:2.3:o:iptime:n702e_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Other CWE-94 (Code Injection) vulnerabilities

• CVE-2026-57624 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Blocksy Companion Pro <= 2.1.46 versions.
• CVE-2026-10134 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.9.3 allows an attacker to read every secret available to the Langflow process, read…
• CVE-2026-53576 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Kestra is an open-source, event-driven orchestration platform. Prior to 1.0.45 and 1.3.21, the authentication filter…
• CVE-2026-10561 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.9.3 has an vulnerability due to an improper isolation of Python execution combined…
• CVE-2026-25470 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in ACPT ACPT (Pro) - Custom Post Types Plugin…
• CVE-2026-48836 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Easy Invoice <= 2.1.19 versions.

Browse all CWE-94 (Code Injection) vulnerabilities →