How severe is CVE-2025-61588?

CVE-2025-61588 has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3, rated critical severity.

Is CVE-2025-61588 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (35th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2025-61588?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-61588 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-61588 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-32663.

When was CVE-2025-61588 published?

CVE-2025-61588 was published on 2025-10-02 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-61588

CVE-2025-61588 is a critical-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-94.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 4.0 base score 9.3)
EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (35th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-32663
Weakness: CWE-94
Published: 2025-10-02
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sys_read, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This capability can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code within the guest. As sys_read is the mechanism by which input is requested by the guest, all guest programs built with the affected versions are vulnerable. This critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Other affected packages include risc0-aggregation versions below 0.9, risc0-zkos-v1compat below 2.1.0, risc0-zkvm versions between 3.0.0-rc.1 and 3.0.1. This issue has been fixed in the following versions: risc0-zkvm-platform 2.1.0, risc0-zkos-v1compat 2.1.0, risc0-aggregation 0.9, and risc0-zkvm 2.3.2 and 3.0.3.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-61588?: RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sys_read, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This capability can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code within the guest. As sys_read is the mechanism by which input is requested by the guest, all guest programs built with the affected versions are vulnerable. This critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Other affected packages include risc0-aggregation versions below 0.9, risc0-zkos-v1compat below 2.1.0, risc0-zkvm versions between 3.0.0-rc.1 and 3.0.1. This issue has been fixed in the following versions: risc0-zkvm-platform 2.1.0, risc0-zkos-v1compat 2.1.0, risc0-aggregation 0.9, and risc0-zkvm 2.3.2 and 3.0.3.
How severe is CVE-2025-61588?: CVE-2025-61588 has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3, rated critical severity.
Is CVE-2025-61588 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (35th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2025-61588?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-61588 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-61588 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-32663.
When was CVE-2025-61588 published?: CVE-2025-61588 was published on 2025-10-02 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

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