CVE-2026-11368
CVE-2026-11368 is a high-severity vulnerability in Zephyrproject Zephyr with a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.1. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-416.
Key facts
- Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 7.1)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (8th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- Weakness: CWE-416
- Affected product: Zephyrproject Zephyr
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
The Bluetooth host ATT layer (subsys/bluetooth/host/att.c) associates each in-flight ATT TX buffer with its owning channel via the static tx_meta_data_storage[] array (data->att_chan = chan). When a buffer's last reference is dropped, its net-buf destroy callback defers the completion handling to the system workqueue (att_tx_destroy -> att_tx_destroy_work_handler -> att_on_sent_cb -> bt_att_sent), where bt_att_sent dereferences the channel and its ATT context (sys_slist_get(&att->reqs)). When a peer disconnects while an ATT PDU (a server notification/indication or any response) is still in flight in the controller TX path, L2CAP tears the channel down in l2cap_chan_del(): it runs the disconnected callback and then the released callback (bt_att_released), which frees the channel slab slot. Because the in-flight buffer is held by the connection TX path rather than the channel's own queue, its deferred destroy work can run after the channel has been freed. The att_on_sent_cb guard intended to drop the stale callback itself dereferences meta->att_chan, which is now a dangling pointer into a freed (and possibly reused) slab slot. A remote peer with an ATT connection can drive this by disconnecting during routine ATT traffic; no pairing or user interaction is required to reach the ATT bearer. The result is a use-after-free read/write of freed channel memory, reliably crashing the Bluetooth host (denial of service) and, because the channel slab slot may be reused, potentially corrupting live memory. The fix makes bt_att_released() NULL the att_chan field of every tx_meta_data_storage[] entry still referencing the channel before freeing it, so the deferred guard observes a NULL pointer and drops the callback. Teardown and the destroy work both run on the cooperative system workqueue, so the array update is serialized and needs no lock.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2026-11368?
- The Bluetooth host ATT layer (subsys/bluetooth/host/att.c) associates each in-flight ATT TX buffer with its owning channel via the static tx_meta_data_storage[] array (data->att_chan = chan). When a buffer's last reference is dropped, its net-buf destroy callback defers the completion handling to the system workqueue (att_tx_destroy -> att_tx_destroy_work_handler -> att_on_sent_cb -> bt_att_sent), where bt_att_sent dereferences the channel and its ATT context (sys_slist_get(&att->reqs)). When a peer disconnects while an ATT PDU (a server notification/indication or any response) is still in flight in the controller TX path, L2CAP tears the channel down in l2cap_chan_del(): it runs the disconnected callback and then the released callback (bt_att_released), which frees the channel slab slot. Because the in-flight buffer is held by the connection TX path rather than the channel's own queue, its deferred destroy work can run after the channel has been freed. The att_on_sent_cb guard intended to drop the stale callback itself dereferences meta->att_chan, which is now a dangling pointer into a freed (and possibly reused) slab slot. A remote peer with an ATT connection can drive this by disconnecting during routine ATT traffic; no pairing or user interaction is required to reach the ATT bearer. The result is a use-after-free read/write of freed channel memory, reliably crashing the Bluetooth host (denial of service) and, because the channel slab slot may be reused, potentially corrupting live memory. The fix makes bt_att_released() NULL the att_chan field of every tx_meta_data_storage[] entry still referencing the channel before freeing it, so the deferred guard observes a NULL pointer and drops the callback. Teardown and the destroy work both run on the cooperative system workqueue, so the array update is serialized and needs no lock.
- How severe is CVE-2026-11368?
- CVE-2026-11368 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.1, rated high severity. It is exploitable over an adjacent network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity low, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2026-11368 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (8th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2026-11368?
- CVE-2026-11368 affects Zephyrproject Zephyr. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2026-11368?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- When was CVE-2026-11368 published?
- CVE-2026-11368 was published on 2026-08-04 and last updated on 2026-08-09.
References
- https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/dfdea9bad8d9b5b31c125e97fcffb549f2217caa
- https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-85vg-gwc4-77g7
Affected products (1)
- cpe:2.3:o:zephyrproject:zephyr:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
More vulnerabilities in Zephyrproject Zephyr
- CVE-2026-5067 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): A remote, unauthenticated attacker can trigger memory corruption in Zephyr's HTTP server WebSocket upgrade path by…
- CVE-2022-3806 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Inconsistent handling of error cases in bluetooth hci may lead to a double free condition of a network buffer.
- CVE-2017-14199 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): A buffer overflow has been found in the Zephyr Project's getaddrinfo() implementation in 1.9.0 and 1.10.0.
- CVE-2018-1000800 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): zephyr-rtos version 1.12.0 contains a NULL base pointer reference vulnerability in sys_ring_buf_put(),…
- CVE-2021-3329 — Critical (CVSS 9.6): Lack of proper validation in HCI Host stack initialization can cause a crash of the bluetooth stack
- CVE-2023-0397 — Critical (CVSS 9.6): A malicious / defect bluetooth controller can cause a Denial of Service due to unchecked input in…
All CVEs affecting Zephyrproject Zephyr →
Other CWE-416 (Use After Free) vulnerabilities
- CVE-2026-63795 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: 9p: avoid putting oldfid in p9_client_walk() error…
- CVE-2026-13782 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Use after free in Browser in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the…
- CVE-2026-4725 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Sandbox escape due to use-after-free in the Graphics: Canvas2D component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149…
- CVE-2026-4688 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Sandbox escape due to use-after-free in the Disability Access APIs component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox…
- CVE-2025-24085 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3,…
- CVE-2024-43102 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Concurrent removals of certain anonymous shared memory mappings by using the UMTX_SHM_DESTROY sub-request of…