How severe is CVE-2026-28391?

CVE-2026-28391 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2026-28391 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (39th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2026-28391?

CVE-2026-28391 affects Openclaw. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2026-28391?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2026-28391 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2026-28391 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-9891.

When was CVE-2026-28391 published?

CVE-2026-28391 was published on 2026-03-05 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2026-28391

CVE-2026-28391 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Openclaw with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-78.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
CVSS v4: 9.2
EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (39th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2026-9891
Weakness: CWE-78
Affected product: Openclaw
Published: 2026-03-05
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 fail to properly validate Windows cmd.exe metacharacters in allowlist-gated exec requests (non-default configuration), allowing attackers to bypass command approval restrictions. Remote attackers can craft command strings with shell metacharacters like & or %...% to execute unapproved commands beyond the allowlisted operations.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2026-28391?: OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 fail to properly validate Windows cmd.exe metacharacters in allowlist-gated exec requests (non-default configuration), allowing attackers to bypass command approval restrictions. Remote attackers can craft command strings with shell metacharacters like & or %...% to execute unapproved commands beyond the allowlisted operations.
How severe is CVE-2026-28391?: CVE-2026-28391 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2026-28391 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (39th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2026-28391?: CVE-2026-28391 affects Openclaw. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2026-28391?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2026-28391 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2026-28391 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-9891.
When was CVE-2026-28391 published?: CVE-2026-28391 was published on 2026-03-05 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

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