How severe is CVE-2026-31231?

CVE-2026-31231 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2026-31231 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (46th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2026-31231?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2026-31231 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2026-31231 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-29554.

When was CVE-2026-31231 published?

CVE-2026-31231 was published on 2026-05-12 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2026-31231

CVE-2026-31231 is a critical-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-94.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (46th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2026-29554
Weakness: CWE-94
Published: 2026-05-12
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Cognee thru v0.4.0 contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability in its notebook cell execution API endpoint. The endpoint is designed to execute arbitrary Python code provided by the user, but it does so using the unsafe exec() function without any sandboxing, validation, or security controls. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted POST request containing malicious Python code to the execution endpoint. This leads to arbitrary code execution on the Cognee server with the privileges of the server process, allowing complete compromise of the system.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2026-31231?: Cognee thru v0.4.0 contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability in its notebook cell execution API endpoint. The endpoint is designed to execute arbitrary Python code provided by the user, but it does so using the unsafe exec() function without any sandboxing, validation, or security controls. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted POST request containing malicious Python code to the execution endpoint. This leads to arbitrary code execution on the Cognee server with the privileges of the server process, allowing complete compromise of the system.
How severe is CVE-2026-31231?: CVE-2026-31231 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2026-31231 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (46th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2026-31231?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2026-31231 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2026-31231 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-29554.
When was CVE-2026-31231 published?: CVE-2026-31231 was published on 2026-05-12 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Other CWE-94 (Code Injection) vulnerabilities

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CVE-2026-48836 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Easy Invoice <= 2.1.19 versions.

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