CVE-2026-44180
CVE-2026-44180 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Jupyter Enterprise Gateway with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-20.
Key facts
- Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (44th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- Weakness: CWE-20
- Affected product: Jupyter Enterprise Gateway
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
Jupyter Enterprise Gateway launches remote Jupyter Notebook kernels across distributed clusters like Apache Spark, Kubernetes, and Docker Swarm. Versions 2.0.0rc1 and above prior to 3.3.0 have a prohibited UID and GID feature that by default prevents launching kernels with UID or GID 0 (root), and this restriction can be bypassed using a specially crafted KERNEL_UID or KERNEL_GID value. This input validation vulnerability allows running Jupyter kernels as root, which can be dangerous as it allows more attack surface, and may lead to container escapes, compromising the worker node and all workloads running on it. Repeated exploitation can compromise all worker nodes, and thus the entire Kubernetes cluster. It is possible to specify volume mounts, so one vector for a container escape is to use a hostPath R/W volume mount, use this UID/GID bypass to run as root, and then gain code execution in the underlying worker node by creating a crontab entry in the mounted host file system. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.0.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2026-44180?
- Jupyter Enterprise Gateway launches remote Jupyter Notebook kernels across distributed clusters like Apache Spark, Kubernetes, and Docker Swarm. Versions 2.0.0rc1 and above prior to 3.3.0 have a prohibited UID and GID feature that by default prevents launching kernels with UID or GID 0 (root), and this restriction can be bypassed using a specially crafted KERNEL_UID or KERNEL_GID value. This input validation vulnerability allows running Jupyter kernels as root, which can be dangerous as it allows more attack surface, and may lead to container escapes, compromising the worker node and all workloads running on it. Repeated exploitation can compromise all worker nodes, and thus the entire Kubernetes cluster. It is possible to specify volume mounts, so one vector for a container escape is to use a hostPath R/W volume mount, use this UID/GID bypass to run as root, and then gain code execution in the underlying worker node by creating a crontab entry in the mounted host file system. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.0.
- How severe is CVE-2026-44180?
- CVE-2026-44180 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
- Is CVE-2026-44180 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (44th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2026-44180?
- CVE-2026-44180 primarily affects Jupyter Enterprise Gateway. In total, 4 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2026-44180?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- When was CVE-2026-44180 published?
- CVE-2026-44180 was published on 2026-07-16 and last updated on 2026-08-05.
References
- https://github.com/jupyter-server/enterprise_gateway/releases/tag/v3.3.0
- https://github.com/jupyter-server/enterprise_gateway/security/advisories/GHSA-chq7-94j8-cj28
Affected products (4)
- cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:enterprise_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:enterprise_gateway:2.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:enterprise_gateway:2.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:enterprise_gateway:2.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
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