How severe is CVE-2026-45091?

CVE-2026-45091 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.

Is CVE-2026-45091 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (25th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2026-45091?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2026-45091 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2026-45091 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-29476.

When was CVE-2026-45091 published?

CVE-2026-45091 was published on 2026-05-12 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2026-45091

CVE-2026-45091 is a critical-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-200.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.1)
EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (25th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2026-29476
Weakness: CWE-200
Published: 2026-05-12
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

sealed-env is a cross-stack, zero-trust secret management library for Node.js and Java/Spring Boot. In sealed-env enterprise mode, versions 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 embedded the operator's literal TOTP secret in the JWS payload of every minted unseal token. JWS payload is base64-encoded JSON, NOT encrypted. Any party who could observe a minted token (CI build logs, container env dumps, kubectl describe pod, Sentry/Rollbar stack traces, log aggregators) could decode the payload and extract the TOTP secret in plaintext. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.1.0-alpha.4.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2026-45091?: sealed-env is a cross-stack, zero-trust secret management library for Node.js and Java/Spring Boot. In sealed-env enterprise mode, versions 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 embedded the operator's literal TOTP secret in the JWS payload of every minted unseal token. JWS payload is base64-encoded JSON, NOT encrypted. Any party who could observe a minted token (CI build logs, container env dumps, kubectl describe pod, Sentry/Rollbar stack traces, log aggregators) could decode the payload and extract the TOTP secret in plaintext. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.1.0-alpha.4.
How severe is CVE-2026-45091?: CVE-2026-45091 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.1, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability none.
Is CVE-2026-45091 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (25th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2026-45091?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2026-45091 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2026-45091 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-29476.
When was CVE-2026-45091 published?: CVE-2026-45091 was published on 2026-05-12 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

https://github.com/davidalmeidac/sealed-env/security/advisories/GHSA-x3r2-fj3r-g5mv

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