CVE-2026-9189
CVE-2026-9189 is a medium-severity vulnerability with a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.3. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-345.
Key facts
- Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 5.3)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 0% (10th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2026-33265
- Weakness: CWE-345
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
The Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.9. Although `cf7pp_paypal_ipn_handler()` correctly validates IPN authenticity by posting back to PayPal with `cmd=_notify-validate`, it fails to compare the IPN payload's `mc_gross` (payment amount), `mc_currency`, or `receiver_email` fields against the corresponding stored order values before passing the attacker-controlled `invoice` field directly to `cf7pp_complete_payment()`, which marks the order completed after only an integer cast with no amount verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary high-value pending orders as fully paid by making a minimal real PayPal payment and crafting an IPN whose `invoice` parameter references the targeted order, effectively completing purchases without tendering the required payment amount.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2026-9189?
- The Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.9. Although `cf7pp_paypal_ipn_handler()` correctly validates IPN authenticity by posting back to PayPal with `cmd=_notify-validate`, it fails to compare the IPN payload's `mc_gross` (payment amount), `mc_currency`, or `receiver_email` fields against the corresponding stored order values before passing the attacker-controlled `invoice` field directly to `cf7pp_complete_payment()`, which marks the order completed after only an integer cast with no amount verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary high-value pending orders as fully paid by making a minimal real PayPal payment and crafting an IPN whose `invoice` parameter references the targeted order, effectively completing purchases without tendering the required payment amount.
- How severe is CVE-2026-9189?
- CVE-2026-9189 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.3, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity low, and availability none.
- Is CVE-2026-9189 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 0% (10th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- How do I fix CVE-2026-9189?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
- Does CVE-2026-9189 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2026-9189 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2026-33265.
- When was CVE-2026-9189 published?
- CVE-2026-9189 was published on 2026-05-29 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/functions.php#L31
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/functions.php#L31
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3551197/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on
- https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5e274781-1c20-4224-bc10-26dadb9b1e07?source=cve
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