CVE-2016-2098
CVE-2016-2098 is a high-severity vulnerability in Rubyonrails Rails with a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.3. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score of 81% places it in the 100th percentile, indicating an elevated likelihood of exploitation. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-20.
Key facts
- Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 7.3)
- CVSS v2: 7.5
- EPSS exploit prediction: 81% (100th percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- Weakness: CWE-20
- Affected product: Rubyonrails Rails
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2016-2098?
- Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.
- How severe is CVE-2016-2098?
- CVE-2016-2098 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.3, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is low, integrity low, and availability low.
- Is CVE-2016-2098 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 81% (100th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2016-2098?
- CVE-2016-2098 primarily affects Rubyonrails Rails. In total, 73 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2016-2098?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
- When was CVE-2016-2098 published?
- CVE-2016-2098 was published on 2016-04-07 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
- http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00057.html
- http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00080.html
- http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00083.html
- http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00086.html
- http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00006.html
- http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00053.html
- http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/29/Rails-4-2-5-2-4-1-14-2-3-2-22-2-have-been-released/
- http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3509
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/83725
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035122
- https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=rubyonrails-security/ly-IH-fxr_Q/WLoOhcMZIAAJ
- https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40086/
Affected products (73)
- cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:beta:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.10:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.6:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.6:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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