CVE-2024-31497
CVE-2024-31497 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Putty with a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.9. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-338.
Key facts
- Severity: Medium (CVSS 3.x base score 5.9)
- EPSS exploit prediction: 6% (92nd percentile)
- Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
- EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2024-29377
- Weakness: CWE-338
- Affected product: Putty
- Published:
- Last modified:
Description
In PuTTY 0.68 through 0.80 before 0.81, biased ECDSA nonce generation allows an attacker to recover a user's NIST P-521 secret key via a quick attack in approximately 60 signatures. This is especially important in a scenario where an adversary is able to read messages signed by PuTTY or Pageant. The required set of signed messages may be publicly readable because they are stored in a public Git service that supports use of SSH for commit signing, and the signatures were made by Pageant through an agent-forwarding mechanism. In other words, an adversary may already have enough signature information to compromise a victim's private key, even if there is no further use of vulnerable PuTTY versions. After a key compromise, an adversary may be able to conduct supply-chain attacks on software maintained in Git. A second, independent scenario is that the adversary is an operator of an SSH server to which the victim authenticates (for remote login or file copy), even though this server is not fully trusted by the victim, and the victim uses the same private key for SSH connections to other services operated by other entities. Here, the rogue server operator (who would otherwise have no way to determine the victim's private key) can derive the victim's private key, and then use it for unauthorized access to those other services. If the other services include Git services, then again it may be possible to conduct supply-chain attacks on software maintained in Git. This also affects, for example, FileZilla before 3.67.0, WinSCP before 6.3.3, TortoiseGit before 2.15.0.1, and TortoiseSVN through 1.14.6.
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2024-31497?
- In PuTTY 0.68 through 0.80 before 0.81, biased ECDSA nonce generation allows an attacker to recover a user's NIST P-521 secret key via a quick attack in approximately 60 signatures. This is especially important in a scenario where an adversary is able to read messages signed by PuTTY or Pageant. The required set of signed messages may be publicly readable because they are stored in a public Git service that supports use of SSH for commit signing, and the signatures were made by Pageant through an agent-forwarding mechanism. In other words, an adversary may already have enough signature information to compromise a victim's private key, even if there is no further use of vulnerable PuTTY versions. After a key compromise, an adversary may be able to conduct supply-chain attacks on software maintained in Git. A second, independent scenario is that the adversary is an operator of an SSH server to which the victim authenticates (for remote login or file copy), even though this server is not fully trusted by the victim, and the victim uses the same private key for SSH connections to other services operated by other entities. Here, the rogue server operator (who would otherwise have no way to determine the victim's private key) can derive the victim's private key, and then use it for unauthorized access to those other services. If the other services include Git services, then again it may be possible to conduct supply-chain attacks on software maintained in Git. This also affects, for example, FileZilla before 3.67.0, WinSCP before 6.3.3, TortoiseGit before 2.15.0.1, and TortoiseSVN through 1.14.6.
- How severe is CVE-2024-31497?
- CVE-2024-31497 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 5.9, rated medium severity. It is exploitable over network with high attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity none, and availability none.
- Is CVE-2024-31497 being actively exploited?
- It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 6% (92nd percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- What products are affected by CVE-2024-31497?
- CVE-2024-31497 primarily affects Putty. In total, 8 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
- How do I fix CVE-2024-31497?
- Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround.
- Does CVE-2024-31497 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?
- Yes. CVE-2024-31497 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2024-29377.
- When was CVE-2024-31497 published?
- CVE-2024-31497 was published on 2024-04-15 and last updated on 2026-06-17.
References
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/15/6
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2275183
- https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1222864
- https://docs.ccv.brown.edu/oscar/connecting-to-oscar/ssh/ssh-agent-forwarding/key-generation-and-agent-forwarding-with-putty
- https://filezilla-project.org/versions.php
- https://git.tartarus.org/?h=c193fe9848f50a88a4089aac647fecc31ae96d27&p=simon/putty.git
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6p4c-r453-8743
- https://github.com/daedalus/BreakingECDSAwithLLL
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00014.html
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IZS3B37GNGWOOV7QU7B7JFK76U4TOP4V/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MMHILY2K7HQGQRHOC375KRRG2M6625RD/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PUOTQVGC4DISVHQGSPUYGXO6TLDK65LA/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WFDZBV7ZCAZ6AH3VCQ34SSY7L3J7VZXZ/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WMJH7M663BVO3SY6MFAW2FAZWLLXAPRQ/
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40044665
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-31497
- https://securityonline.info/cve-2024-31497-critical-putty-vulnerability-exposes-private-keys-immediate-action-required/
- https://tartarus.org/~simon/putty-snapshots/htmldoc/Chapter9.html#pageant-forward
- https://tortoisegit.org
- https://twitter.com/CCBalert/status/1780229237569470549
- https://twitter.com/lambdafu/status/1779969509522133272
- https://winscp.net/eng/news.php
- https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/putty-ssh-client-flaw-allows-recovery-of-cryptographic-private-keys/
- https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html
- https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/wishlist/vuln-p521-bias.html
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/15/6
- https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/1c4wmoj/putty_vulnerability_affecting_v068_to_v08/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/IZS3B37GNGWOOV7QU7B7JFK76U4TOP4V/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/MMHILY2K7HQGQRHOC375KRRG2M6625RD/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/PUOTQVGC4DISVHQGSPUYGXO6TLDK65LA/
Affected products (8)
- cpe:2.3:a:putty:putty:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:filezilla-project:filezilla_client:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:winscp:winscp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:tortoisegit:tortoisegit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:a:tigris:tortoisesvn:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:40:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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