How severe is CVE-2023-28709?

CVE-2023-28709 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.5, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity none, and availability high.

Is CVE-2023-28709 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 52% (99th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2023-28709?

CVE-2023-28709 primarily affects Apache Tomcat. In total, 6 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.

How do I fix CVE-2023-28709?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

When was CVE-2023-28709 published?

CVE-2023-28709 was published on 2023-05-22 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2023-28709

CVE-2023-28709 is a high-severity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat with a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.5. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score of 52% places it in the 99th percentile, indicating an elevated likelihood of exploitation. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-193.

Key facts

Severity: High (CVSS 3.x base score 7.5)
EPSS exploit prediction: 52% (99th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
Weakness: CWE-193
Affected product: Apache Tomcat
Published: 2023-05-22
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

The fix for CVE-2023-24998 was incomplete for Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M2 to 11.0.0-M4, 10.1.5 to 10.1.7, 9.0.71 to 9.0.73 and 8.5.85 to 8.5.87. If non-default HTTP connector settings were used such that the maxParameterCount could be reached using query string parameters and a request was submitted that supplied exactly maxParameterCount parameters in the query string, the limit for uploaded request parts could be bypassed with the potential for a denial of service to occur.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2023-28709?: The fix for CVE-2023-24998 was incomplete for Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M2 to 11.0.0-M4, 10.1.5 to 10.1.7, 9.0.71 to 9.0.73 and 8.5.85 to 8.5.87. If non-default HTTP connector settings were used such that the maxParameterCount could be reached using query string parameters and a request was submitted that supplied exactly maxParameterCount parameters in the query string, the limit for uploaded request parts could be bypassed with the potential for a denial of service to occur.
How severe is CVE-2023-28709?: CVE-2023-28709 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 7.5, rated high severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is none, integrity none, and availability high.
Is CVE-2023-28709 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 52% (99th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2023-28709?: CVE-2023-28709 primarily affects Apache Tomcat. In total, 6 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
How do I fix CVE-2023-28709?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its high severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
When was CVE-2023-28709 published?: CVE-2023-28709 was published on 2023-05-22 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (6)

cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:7-mode_transition_tool:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Apache Tomcat

CVE-2026-43512 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): DEPRECATED: Authentication Bypass Issues vulnerability in digest authentication in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects…
CVE-2026-41293 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through…
CVE-2025-31651 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely…
CVE-2025-24813 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Path Equivalence: 'file.Name' (Internal Dot) leading to Remote Code Execution and/or Information disclosure and/or…
CVE-2024-56337 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat:…
CVE-2024-50379 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability during JSP compilation in Apache Tomcat permits an RCE…

All CVEs affecting Apache Tomcat →

Other CWE-193 (Off-by-one Error) vulnerabilities

CVE-2024-10442 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Off-by-one error vulnerability in the transmission component in Synology Replication Service before 1.0.12-0066,…
CVE-2026-53309 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2/dlm: fix off-by-one in dlm_match_regions()…
CVE-2024-38441 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Netatalk before 3.2.1 has an off-by-one error and resultant heap-based buffer overflow because of setting ibuf[len] to…
CVE-2023-46853 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): In Memcached before 1.6.22, an off-by-one error exists when processing proxy requests in proxy mode, if \n is used…
CVE-2023-38429 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.4. fs/ksmbd/connection.c in ksmbd has an off-by-one error in…
CVE-2022-34970 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Crow before 1.0+4 has a heap-based buffer overflow via the function qs_parse in query_string.h. On successful…

Browse all CWE-193 (Off-by-one Error) vulnerabilities →