How severe is CVE-2025-31651?

CVE-2025-31651 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2025-31651 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 4% (90th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-31651?

CVE-2025-31651 affects Apache Tomcat. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-31651?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-31651 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-31651 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-13626.

When was CVE-2025-31651 published?

CVE-2025-31651 was published on 2025-04-28 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-31651

CVE-2025-31651 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-116.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
EPSS exploit prediction: 4% (90th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-13626
Weakness: CWE-116
Affected product: Apache Tomcat
Published: 2025-04-28
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-31651?: Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.
How severe is CVE-2025-31651?: CVE-2025-31651 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2025-31651 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 4% (90th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-31651?: CVE-2025-31651 affects Apache Tomcat. See the affected-products list for the exact vulnerable versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-31651?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-31651 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-31651 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-13626.
When was CVE-2025-31651 published?: CVE-2025-31651 was published on 2025-04-28 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (1)

cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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