How severe is CVE-2025-28388?

CVE-2025-28388 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.

Is CVE-2025-28388 being actively exploited?

It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (40th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-28388?

CVE-2025-28388 primarily affects Openc3 Cosmos. In total, 2 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.

How do I fix CVE-2025-28388?

Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.

Does CVE-2025-28388 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?

Yes. CVE-2025-28388 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-18269.

When was CVE-2025-28388 published?

CVE-2025-28388 was published on 2025-06-13 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

CVE-2025-28388

CVE-2025-28388 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Openc3 Cosmos with a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8. It is not currently listed as actively exploited by CISA, and its EPSS exploit-prediction score is low. The underlying weakness is classified as CWE-798.

Key facts

Severity: Critical (CVSS 3.x base score 9.8)
EPSS exploit prediction: 1% (40th percentile)
Actively exploited: Not listed in CISA KEV
EU (EUVD) id: EUVD-2025-18269
Weakness: CWE-798
Affected product: Openc3 Cosmos
Published: 2025-06-13
Last modified: 2026-06-17

Description

OpenC3 COSMOS before v6.0.2 was discovered to contain hardcoded credentials for the Service Account.

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-28388?: OpenC3 COSMOS before v6.0.2 was discovered to contain hardcoded credentials for the Service Account.
How severe is CVE-2025-28388?: CVE-2025-28388 has a CVSS 3.x base score of 9.8, rated critical severity. It is exploitable over network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges and no user interaction. Impact on confidentiality is high, integrity high, and availability high.
Is CVE-2025-28388 being actively exploited?: It is not currently listed in CISA's KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit-prediction score is 1% (40th percentile), an estimate of the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-28388?: CVE-2025-28388 primarily affects Openc3 Cosmos. In total, 2 product configurations (CPEs) are listed as vulnerable; see the affected-products list for the exact versions.
How do I fix CVE-2025-28388?: Review the linked vendor and NVD advisories for patched versions and mitigations, then upgrade or apply the recommended workaround. Given its critical severity, prioritise patching exposed systems.
Does CVE-2025-28388 have an EU (EUVD) identifier?: Yes. CVE-2025-28388 is tracked in the ENISA EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD) as EUVD-2025-18269.
When was CVE-2025-28388 published?: CVE-2025-28388 was published on 2025-06-13 and last updated on 2026-06-17.

References

Affected products (2)

cpe:2.3:a:openc3:cosmos:6.0.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:openc3:cosmos:6.0.0:*:*:*:open_source:*:*:*

More vulnerabilities in Openc3 Cosmos

CVE-2025-28389 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): Weak password requirements in OpenC3 COSMOS v6.0.0 allow attackers to bypass authentication via a brute force attack.
CVE-2025-28386 — Critical (CVSS 9.8): A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the Plugin Management component of OpenC3 COSMOS v6.0.0 allows attackers…
CVE-2026-42088 — Critical (CVSS 9.6): OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems.…
CVE-2026-42087 — Critical (CVSS 9.6): OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems.…
CVE-2025-28384 — Critical (CVSS 9.1): An issue in the /script-api/scripts/ endpoint of OpenC3 COSMOS before 6.1.0 allows attackers to execute a directory…
CVE-2026-42084 — High (CVSS 8.1): OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems.…

All CVEs affecting Openc3 Cosmos →

Other CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials) vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-13768 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Gardyn devices expose a privileged iothubowner key. Access to this key will allow a malicious user to invoke an IoTHub…
CVE-2026-45631 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). From 0.27.0 to before 0.29.3, a hardcoded…
CVE-2026-22769 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): Dell RecoverPoint for Virtual Machines, versions prior to 6.0.3.1 HF1, contain a hardcoded credential vulnerability.…
CVE-2025-42890 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): SQL Anywhere Monitor (Non-GUI) baked credentials into the code,exposing the resources or functionality to unintended…
CVE-2025-7503 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): An OEM IP camera manufactured by Shenzhen Liandian Communication Technology LTD exposes a Telnet service (port 23) with…
CVE-2025-20309 — Critical (CVSS 10.0): A vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM) and Cisco Unified Communications Manager Session…

Browse all CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials) vulnerabilities →